|
The Geography of Residential and Employment Inequality: Workplace and Home Place in Urban Space Author: Roger B. Hammer Dissertation School: University of Wisconsin-Madison Pages: 272 Publication Date: October 2001 Availability: Access Number: 10742 Abstract: This is a study of the effect of spatial mismatch, that is a lack of geographically accessible employment opportunities, on the employment status of blacks compared to whites and Hispanics in the Detroit, Atlanta, Boston, and Los Angeles Metropolitan Areas. In a Geographic Information Systems environment, measures of spatial employment availability and spatial employment competition, which discount more distant employment opportunities and competing workings, will be calculated from neighborhood level employment, residential, and commuting workers, will be calculated from neighborhood level employment, residential, and commuting data. Unlike previous research, using similar measures of employment accessibility, this study will incorporate the measure of spatial mismatch into individual-level models of employment outcomes. It will utilize models for analyzing complex survey designs, similar to fixed effects models, which will control for intra-area (with in block group) correlation. This modeling approach will improve on previous research principally in three ways. First, the complex survey design model will control for unobserved neighborhood factors influencing residential location including quality adjusted housing costs and neighborhood amenities. This will facilitate analysis of a broad segment of the labor market, rather than focusing on a single group for whom residential location is not endogenous, historically young males. Second, while previous spatial mismatch research has focused solely on employment status (i.e. unemployed versus employed), the current analysis will examine employment status, earnings, and commuting time in a structural equation model framework. Moreover, the measure of employment status will distinguish among those who worked full- and part-time and those who only worked for part of the year. Finally, spatial isolation from employment opportunities may engender social isolation in which contact with employed persons is constricted. The lack of social interaction with employed persons may eliminate an important source of information concerning employment opportunities and expectations, although this relationship has not been empirically tested in the spatial mismatch literature. The proposed study will examine the direct effect of spatial mismatch on employment status and its indirect effect through social isolation. This research will directly address the first of HUD's FY 1999 research priorities, regionalism, examining the interdependence of cities and suburbs. The study focuses on the dynamic relationship between ethnic residential distribution in urban areas and the changing location of employment opportunities. As a result of housing market discrimination and other factors, blacks have substantially remained concentrated in central city neighborhoods. The constrained residential location and opportunity for mobility reduces the set of job opportunities available to blacks with out respect to the spatial location of employment. Finally, the continuing suburbanization or dispersion of employment further reduces the job opportunities for black residents of central cities. This study will explore both the contours social relationships of these central city/suburban residential and employment geographic relationships. |
|
|
Last updated: Wednesday, March 06, 2013 HUD USER Helpdesk P.O. Box 23268 Washington, DC 20026-3268 Toll Free: 1-800-245-2691 Fax: 1-202-708-9981 Email: oup@oup.org |
 |
Privacy Statement |
     |
